Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is associated 
with accelerated atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and 
cerebrovascular disease. Carotid artery Intima-Medial 
Thickness (CIMT) measurement has recently evolved as 
an important non-invasive diagnostic tool in 
atherosclerosis. In the current review, we have analysed 
the association of increased CIMT values with OSA, 
correlation of increased CIMT with the severity of OSA 
and the role of CIMT measurement as a prognostic 
marker in monitoring disease progression and response to 
therapy. Although some studies in the last few years have 
tried to address this issue, more randomised controlled 
trials recruiting larger number of patients are required to 
define its exact role in regular clinical practice.