Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a global health problem and 
increasing all over the world at an alarming rate that appears 
dramatic as to have been characterized as an epidemic. DM is a 
chronic metabolic and hormonal disorder and is characterized by 
increase in blood glucose level accompanied by other biochemical 
disturbances and clinical manifestation. In addition to disorder of 
carbohydrate metabolism, DM is also associated with abnormality 
in fat and protein metabolism. Epigenetics in the target cells due 
to metabolic memory is also linked to etiology and complications 
in DM. The etiology of DM is multilateral and multifactorial 
resulting primarily from the nutritional imbalances and finally due 
to dysregulated gene function. Among the various therapy for 
treatment and management of DM, drug therapy is the major and 
popular approached used to contain DM. However, recently diet 
therapy is also considered an effective way to control the disease. 
The diet must be acceptable, readily available, must supply with 
adequate amount of nutrients and be formulated in a way to 
normalized body weight. The diet should be low in simple 
carbohydrate, high in complex carbohydrate, low in fat and high 
in monounsaturated fatty acids, n-3 fatty acids and rich in dietary 
antioxidants like vitamin-E, vitamin-A and vitamin-C. Essential 
minerals like Magnesium (Mg) and Chromium (Cr) also have 
crucial role in carbohydrates and lipids metabolism and thus 
important for DM. Not only these, recording the role for nutrition 
in epigenetics in DM and its complications will provide new 
insights identifying the molecular mechanism of disease and 
proper management of DM. This review will update the 
researchers of the field and the concerned individuals about the 
role of diet and nutrients in the management and treatment of DM. 
The role of nutritional epigenetics in DM is also highlighted.