Rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield productivity over time under fixed management condition is a severe concern for countries like Bangladesh, where rice is the staple food for the human being. Long term fertilization experiment was conducted during 1985-2007 on Chhiata clay loam soil (Hyperthermic Vertic Endoaquept) in Bangladesh, to determine the effect of native soil nutrient and chemical fertilization on rice productivity in dry and wet condition during long-term basis (23 years) and this phenomenon is not well studied before. This study showed that the mean grain yield of rice was decreased with time pass in all treated plots due to deficiency in native soil nutrient supply whereas, in the first three years it was not affected in both season. In the dry season the rice productivity was 64%and 36% of native soil nutrient and chemical fertilizer contribution respectively, up to seven years and after that the native soil nutrient contribution to augment the rice productivity was decreased whereas, fertilizer contribution was increased up to23 years. In the wet season for all year (1-23 years) native soil nutrient and fertilizer contribution were 70% and 30% respectively, for rice production. Our results states that mean yield production from 1st to7thyearwas similar in both season but after 23 years it was found significantly different under fixed fertilizer management. In case of the dry season, native soil nutrients were key factors in rice productivity up to 7 years, but no significant change was observed in case of wet season under fixed fertilizer management. Therefore, it could be concluded that after 7 years, the dry season must be changed from fixed to flexible chemical fertilizer management.