The long-term fertility experiments is an important 
management strategy for monitors the changes of yield 
productivity and nutrient use efficiencies and will help to 
evaluate the sustainability of cropping pattern as well as 
soil nutrient content. Many short-term fertilizers were 
established for intensive irrigated rice cropping in 
Bangladesh to determine the yield productivity and nutrient 
use efficiencies, but more focus have not given to long
term experiments. The objectives of the present study was 
to examine the long-term effects of chemical fertilization 
(23yrs) on yield productivity and nutrient use efficiency 
under the double rice cropping system in Bangladesh. The 
experiment was established in 1985, contain four different 
fertilizer treatments (NPK, PK, NK, NP) with four 
replication and rice was grown two times per year (Wet & 
dry season). Our results indicated that the average yield 
productivity was 4.22 and 4.99 Mg ha-1 for each year under 
NPK treatment in wet and dry season. The N, P, and K 
fertilization significantly increased rice productivity than 
that of obsession of N, P and K fertilization, which was 
more apparent in dry season than wet season. Inspite, mean 
grain yield in NPK treatment was 18-6-15% and 47-15- 
23% higher in wet and dry season than PK, NK and NP 
treatments, respectively. But the NPK fertilization with 
long time yield productivity was declined. However, 
agronomy efficiencies of N, P and K were 18, 6 and 15%, 
in wet season and 48, 15 and 23%, in dry season, respectively. Mean recovery crop efficiencies were 58-41
38% and 83-73-37% during wet and dry season in case of 
which treatments. Therefore, it suggests that the 
recommended chemical fertilizer compared with other 
management practices can be considered as one of the 
important strategy for enhancing crop productivity and 
sustain soil properties in double rice cropping system under 
long-term period.