Aperito Journal of Infectious Disease and Vaccines

Rotavirus infection is a serious gastrointestinal infection that is usually prevalent during winter months and often seen in infants and young children. Studies on genotypes of prevalent rotavirus strains are quite important for preventing infection, developing vaccines, and its evaluation. We investigated the characteristics of rotavirus infections of Nasu Region of Tochigi, Japan and to compare to the other region before introduction of rotavirus vaccines. We examined the clinical findings in 147 patients and analyzed the clinical findings of the 37 patients with a fecal sample positive for rotavirus antigen. Furthermore, viral genotypes were determined using rotavirus-positive samples from 27 of these 37 patients. The genotypes were determined as G1P [8] in 5 samples, G3P [8] in 5 samples, G9P [8] in 3 samples, and G6P [9] in 2 samples. We were able to analyze the phylogenetic trees of these genotypes. Of particular note, we detected G6P [9] which were extremely rare in human beings but common in cattle. It was suggested that the rates of hospitalization due to rotavirus infections of infants from 6 to 11 months of age would be reduced by 42% when the vaccination coverage rates increase to 50% in Japan. Studies on changes in prevalent strains after vaccine introduction need to be conducted. 

Rapid resistance to mupirocin occurs among strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) which the main etiological agent is causing community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections. Powdered samples of Sr-doped glass, of composition 70 SiO2- (30–x) CaO- xSrO were prepared by sol – gel method. XRD and FTIR confirmed the calcined glass existed in the amorphous state. Sr doped glass exhibited antibacterial effect onmupirocin resistant MRSA strains by the agar-disk diffusion method. The inhibition zone increased as the concentration of Sr ions was increased. Sr release was dependent on bioactive glass composition with increasing Sr substitution resulting in higher concentrations in the medium. Sr for Ca substitution in the glass is a promising bactericidal bioactive material till 3% SrO, but SrO substitution above that ratio doesn’t further improve bactericidal effect.

CytoMegaloVirus (CMV) is an enveloped double stranded DNA virus that belongs to Herpesviridae family. Most of the CMV infections during pregnancy are asymptomatic; but cause congenital malformations in fetus. The characteristic features of congenital infection are intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, hepatomegaly, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, purupura, microcephaly and intracranial calcification. In our case 
report we aimed to present a newborn with intrauterine growth retardation due to congenital CMV infection and review the literature.

An 83-year-old female patient recovered from her primary Clostridium difficile-associated colitis upon antibiotic treatment and the suspension of her regular Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) therapy, and had a recurrence of the infection once PPI was restarted. After the treatment of the recurrent episode, the PPI was replaced with a histamine H2 receptor blocker, and she developed no more relapses. The switch from PPI to a H2 blocker may have been a recovery factor. More research is encouraged to clarify the extent of the suggested effect.